日本語道場

Nihongo Dojo — N3 → N2

Grammar

N2· hand-written

~に反して

~ ni han shite

Contrary to; in defiance of; against [X]

When to use it

Formal expression marking that an outcome, behavior, or action contradicts expectations, agreed terms, or stated principles. Common in business reports, legal documents, formal complaints, policy analysis, and news commentary. Signals friction or contradiction — something went against what was assumed or stipulated.

Formation

  1. 当初の予測に反して、第一四半期の売上高は大幅に増加した。 Tōsho no yosoku ni han shite, dai-ichi shihan-ki no uriage-daka wa ōhaba ni zōka shita. Contrary to the initial forecast, sales in the first quarter increased significantly.

  2. 契約条件に反する行為が確認された場合、直ちに契約を解除いたします。 Keiyaku jōken ni han suru kōi ga kakunin sareta baai, tadachi ni keiyaku o kaijo itashimasu. If any action contrary to the contract terms is confirmed, we will terminate the contract immediately.

  3. 社内規定に反し、当該社員は機密情報を外部に漏洩したことが判明した。 Shanai kitei ni han shi, tōgai sha-in wa kimitsu jōhō o gaibū ni rōei shita koto ga hanmei shita. It was found that the employee in question leaked confidential information in violation of company regulations.

Examples

  • Contrary to the initially agreed terms, the other party unilaterally changed the price. Please confirm whether this constitutes a breach of contract.

  • Understood. After reviewing the details, we will prepare a written request for rectification.

  • Contrary to the initial forecast, sales in the first quarter increased significantly.

  • If any action contrary to the contract terms is confirmed, we will terminate the contract immediately.

  • It was found that the employee in question leaked confidential information in violation of company regulations.